Mamie Clark

Running head: MAMIE CLARK 1 Famous Person in Psychology: Mamie Phipps Clark MAMIE CLARK 2 Famous Person in Psychology: Mamie Phipps Clark Mamie Phipps Clark was conceived in Hot Spring, Arkansas on April 18, 1917 to Dr. Harold and Katie Phipps.Due to her dad having a training around the family had accomplished working class status and was permitted into numerous foundations that were regularly whites just, which during that time in Arkansas was once in a while known about. Despite the fact that couple of higher instructive open doors were available to dark understudies, subsequent to moving on from Langston High School in 1934, Mamie was offered a few grants and decided to acknowledge one from Howard University. (Cherry,2013) Mamie decided to learn at Howard University since it was situated in the country's capital and due to the many achieved dark individuals from its workforce whom she saw as job models.She started her examinations at Howard as a math major, minoring in material sc ience. There she met her future spouse, Kenneth B. Clark, who was reading for his master’s in brain research. After not getting a lot of support from her professor’s in science, Kenneth urged Mamie to change her major to brain research for work prospects and the opportunity to investigate her enthusiasm for kids. (Cherry, 2013) When finishing her master’s qualification in 1939, she worked and examined youngsters in an all-dark preschool.During that time she met with pyschologists, Ruth and Gene Harley who were considering self-recognizable proof in little youngsters and urged Mamie to do likewise with the kids in the preschool. This brought about her finished proposal â€Å"The Development of Consciousness of Self in Negro Pre-School Children†. (Cherry,2013) MAMIE CLARK 3 Mamie moved to Columbia University to complete her doctorate certificate, where she graduated in 1943 as the second African American to acquire a degree (first eing her better half, Kenn eth Clark). At that point Drs. Mamie and Kenneth Clark utilized their examination with youngsters to show that dark kids got mindful of their racial character by the age of 3 and by isolating them from white kids the kids considered their to be as negative. This drove the Clark’s to introduce their discoveries during integration preliminaries for the NAACP's case in Brown v. Leading body of Education, which upset racial isolation in state funded schools in 1954. (Mamie Clark, 2013)After quite a long while working out in the open and private social administrations being unsatisfied with what she saw, Mamie established the Northside Center for Child Development, the principal place to give treatment to kids in Harlem. When government funded schools were illicitly selecting many dark kids into programs for the intellectually impeded, the inside led its own knowledge tests, battled the schools, and enabled the nearby populace. Understanding that treatment alone couldn't address t he effects of prejudice on the network, Northside likewise helped families with their lodging and budgetary difficulties.Mamie Clark worked for Northside until retirement in 1980 and kicked the bucket three years after the fact of malignancy. (Mamie Clark, 2013) Using the Sociocultural part of brain research, it is handily observed that Mamie Clark was impacted by social and social she encountered in her life. Experiencing childhood in Arkansas during the occasions where prejudice were extremely evident and isolation was predominant, she was blessed enough to have been naturally introduced to a working class family. Mamie had the option to see the two sides of the isolation by being permitted into white establishments.This significantly affected her perspective, she needed to the two races to be seen similarly and this in the long run prompted her contribution in the integration of state funded schools. MAMIE CLARK 4 References Mamie Clark, a Supporter of the Black Child. (2013). Re covered on January 18, 2013 from http://www. aaregistry. organization/historic_events/see/mamie-clark-supporter-dark youngster Cherry, Kendra. Mamie Phipps Clark Biography. (2013). Recovered on January 18, 2013 from

Pablo Escobar Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio

Pablo Escobar The paper follows Escobar's life from humble laborer beginnings to incredible cocaine street pharmacist and boss. The paper talks about the sound money related choices Escobar made just as the manner in which he put resources into real undertakings utilizing the assets he picked up wrongfully. The paper investigates the impact Escobar had and the manner in which he worked, at last fruitlessly, to set up a no-removal proviso into the Colombian constitution. Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria was conceived on December 1 1949 and passed on December 2, 1993. Pablo Escobar was a man of influence and wealth during his time ever. He become popular as a Colombian medication distributer . Pablo Escobar beacome so rich and incredible in the medication business that in 1989 , Forbes magazine had recorded him as the seventh most extravagant man in world. most extravagant man in the world.He is really viewed as one of the most severely unfeeling, decided and winning street pharmacist ever. Pablo once advised his mom that he needed to be large some time or another yet I don't think this was what she had at the top of the priority list. Pablo began bringing in cash by sneaking into memorial parks around evening time and taking the gravestones from the expired he would then sand shoot the etching off of the headstone and offer them as new grave markers to the Panamanians. By age twenty Pablo was additionally a cultivated vehicle criminal. His little league wrongdoings could never add up to what he would turn into. His notoriety developed after a notable Medellin street pharmacist named Fabio Restrepo was killed in 1975 apparently by Escobar,all of Restrepo's men were educated that they presently worked for Pablo.. It was here that he started his example of managing the specialists by either paying off them or murdering them. During the 1980s, Escobar ... ... extraordinary. He needed to get to the top rapidly and as a kid concluded he was not going to take the gradual way that reputable residents took. He started an existence of wrongdoing, regardless of who he hurt and executed en route. His possible accomplishment in the network didn't refute the methods he used to pick up that achievement in any case and when he attempted to utilize his increased political prevalence to change the constitution in a way that would eradicate his past the open turned on him. He went to jail, got away and passed on. Had Escobar not existed, the business parts of the medication world would not be as sorted out as it seems to be. He had the option to create strong money related and strategic approaches in an illicit world. He left an imprint in which is name will consistently be related with the infamous medication masters of the world. Pablo Esobar needed easy street, yet he couldn't have cared less who he hurt to get it.

Does Living in a Same Sex Home Effect How a Child Will Grow Up

Winters 1 Jynai Winters 16 November 2012 Psychology 100 Sabrina Does Same-Sex child rearing influence a kid? I pick this theme since I love kids and I don't care to see kids harming. I likewise pick it since I generally thought about whether it had any kind of effect if a kid experiences childhood in a hetero home or living in gay home.Another motivation behind why I decide to do this theme is on the grounds that many individuals accept that gay guardians are not fit to rise their kids in the event that they originate from a hetero relationship notwithstanding, they don't have any confirmation that they are unfit for child rearing their youngsters and individuals don't care for the way that a kid is growing up around gay movement and they additionally accept that on the off chance that they grow up with a gay parent that they won't have decision about their sexuality.The most punctual known thought regarding formative brain science was introduced by Jean Jacques Rousseau around the l ate eighteenth century. Formative brain science examines the human development and improvement that happens all through the whole life expectancy. A great many people that reviews this field centers around one phase of advancement. There are seven phases of life that they could browse; they are Infancy, Childhood, Adolescence, Early Adulthood, Middle Adulthood, Other Adults and Developmental Disabilities. To turn into a therapist you should procure a Bachelors qualification in psychology.However you should have a Master's or doctoral before you begin functioning as an analyst. Most analysts regularly work in schools and learning focuses. They could likewise work in clinics, mental offices and nursing homes. They are even a couple of therapists that work at universities and for the legislature as instructors or to do perform inquire about. Winters 2 A formative analyst pay relies upon their preparation, geographic area and the work setting. Normally analyst make somewhere in the rang e of $69,007 and $90,326 a year.There are likewise those not many that make more than $101,088 every year. As an analyst a portion of their undertaking will included assessing youngsters to decide whether they have a formative incapacity, examining how language aptitudes are obtained, concentrating how good thinking creates in kids lastly investigating approaches to enable older people to stay autonomous. Most developmentalists study and research logical impacts that effect change, for example, financial conditions, culture, and genetics.There are numerous different changes that developmentalists study which are family, child rearing style, separate, companions, religion physical and mental maltreatment and instructive levels. My examination will concentrate on the Boswell versus Boswell instance of 1998, the Bottoms versus Bottoms instance of 1995 and furthermore the Huggins meeting of 1989. I will likewise discuss the Wainright, Russell, and Patterson 2004 examination, the King an d Black investigation of 1994, the MacCallum and Golombok of 2004, Vanfraussen investigation of 2002, the Fulcher of 2008, lastly the Patterson investigation of 1992 and 2000.The first examination I will discuss is Huggins' 1989 and O'Connell of 1993. The little collection of research that has concentrated on pre-adult posterity of families headed by same-sex couples incorporates Huggins' (1989) investigation of 36 young people (13â€19 years old, 18 with separated from hetero moms and 18 with separated from lesbian moms), which detailed no distinctions in pre-adult confidence as a component of moms' sexual direction. In another early examination, O'Connell (1993) contemplated 11 youngsters and ladies, 16â€23 years old, were the posterity of separated or isolated lesbian mothers.Participants communicated solid love, reliability, and defense toward their moms and a longing for others to comprehend the advantages of having a lesbian mother. Members, notwithstanding, likewise Wint ers 3 depicted worries about losing companions, and some portrayed endeavors to control data about their moms' sexual direction. These two examinations were about how the youngster felt after their folks separated. The Huggins' investigation detailed that the youngsters that they had no distinction in their self-esteem.While the O’Connell study announced that the kids demonstrated solid love, dependability and defense towards their mother's. Notwithstanding, the two examinations demonstrated that the kids lost companions and a few kids even attempted to shroud their mom's sexual direction. Wainright, Russell, and Patterson (2004) announced an investigation of family and relationship factors from one viewpoint, and youthful individual and social change on the other. They considered change in an example of 44 young people (12â€18 years old) with same-sex guardians and a coordinated example of 44 youngsters with other gender parents.On a scope of psychosocial results includin g burdensome side effects, tension, and school alteration, Wainright and her associates found no huge contrasts as an element of family type same-sex or other gender guardians. Among their discoveries they found that there were no huge impacts for family type on pre-adult reports of sexual conduct or sentimental connections. Wainright and her partners did, nonetheless, find noteworthy relationship between parental view of parentâ€adolescent relationship quality and pre-adult school adjustment.Similar discoveries were accounted for misconduct, substance use, and exploitation by Wainright and Patterson (2006). The Wainright, Russell, and Patterson study discusses family and relationship versus juvenile individual and social alteration. The outcomes to the investigation was that there was no noteworthy contrast as a capacity as a family, there was additionally no critical impact for the family type with sexual conduct or sentimental relationship. Notwithstanding, they found that the re was distinction between parental discernment and school alteration. Winters 4The not many negative discoveries for kids with two moms were ambiguous. Instructors in a Belgian report (Vanfraussen et al. , 2002) announced more consideration and conduct issues for such youngsters (about a half standard deviation distinction), yet this didn't coordinate instructors' appraisals of the kids' alteration, and neither the kids nor their moms agreed. A second progressively conceivable finding was that such youngsters detailed being prodded about their families more, yet this addresses social objection to their folks' sexual personality as opposed to their gender.Researchers reliably find that kids with lesbian guardians fight with homophobia among their companions, yet differ about whether these kids endure all the more prodding by and large or if the prodding centers around their folks' sexual character (Bos et al. , 2008; Tasker ; Golombok, 1997; Wainright ; Patterson, 2008). The main cl ear negative finding showed up in the primary flood of the UK investigation of bastard families depicted above (Golombok et al. , 1997).Six-year-old kids in mother-just families (regardless of whether lesbian or hetero) depicted themselves as less capable genuinely and psychologically than their friends (0. 75 SD averaging the two), yet the distinction vanished when the youngsters were met again 6 years after the fact (MacCallum ; Golombok, 2004). Since this investigation didn't control for the quantity of guardians in mother-just families, it couldn't assist us with deciding if the nonappearance of a male parent or just of a subsequent parent added to the lower confidence the more youthful kids expressed.The Vanfraussen investigation of 2002 was one of the two examinations that show that the kids will get into mischief in the event that they live with a gay parent. In any case, when asked by the educators they said the youngster is a decent kid and doesn't get into mischief, they a sked their parent as well and they offer a similar response. So this investigation is certainly not a great report on the grounds that their outcomes proved something contrary to what they expressed. Should a parent’s sexual character be viewed as significant in choosing a child’s best Winters 5 enthusiasm, for motivations behind youngster care and visitation?Answers to this inquiry have indicated huge inconstancy starting with one purview then onto the next. In certain states, for example, Massachusetts and California, parental sexual direction is viewed as superfluous to authority and appearance questions. In these states, an association, or nexus, must be exhibited between a parent’s sexual direction, from one perspective, and a negative result for the kid, on the other. Since an association of this sort can be hard to set up, nexus rules have frequently brought about decisions positive for lesbian and gay parents.For case, in Boswell v. Boswell (1998), a Mar yland appearance case, the court wouldn't restrain children’s appearance with their gay dad within the sight of his equivalent sex accomplice in light of the fact that there was no proof of damage to the kids from such appearance. The Boswell versus Boswell instance of 1998 a dad was constrained to see his youngsters as a result of his sexuality, so he prosecuted his significant other and the appointed authority concurred with him in light of the fact that there was no proof that the kid would be hurt in light of their dad's sexuality. In a care case including a lesbian mother ( Bottoms v.Bottoms, 1995), for instance, the Virginia Supreme Court repeated its prior holding that a lesbian mother isn't unfit as an issue of law yet incorporated the mother’s sexual direction among factors considered to make her a bothersome parent. In this way, in certain states, lesbian and gay guardians must conquer formal or casual assumptions that their sexual characters make them not ex actly perfect guardians. With the instance of Bottoms versus Bottoms the adjudicator concurred in the kindness of the mother since her sexuality didn't make her unfit parent, it simply made her a bothersome parent.I know has nothing to do with a kid yet I simply needed to show how a parent is at times viewed as an unfit parent in light of their sexuality. Regarding this inclination, Patterson, who might later fill in as sole creator of the Winters 6 2005 APA Brief’s â€Å"Summary of Research Findings on Lesbian and Gay Families†, detailed: Despite the decent variety of gay and l

Lifelong Health Benefits of Mandatory Genetic Screenings

Since their development and introduction to the field of medicine more than a century ago, genetic screenings have become incorporated in many fields of healthcare, including reproductive health and cancer prevention. Genetic screening is a method of identifying genetic disorders through the study of an individual’s DNA. They can be used to determine predisposition for various disorders such as Alzheimer’s, breast cancer, and sickle cell anemia. Genetic screenings inform individuals about their state of health and can help them make efficient choices in regard to disease treatments and prevention; however they have not gone without controversy. Many feel that such screenings can cause stigma and discrimination against individuals who have†¦show more content†¦Despite their benefits for individual and public health, genetic screenings can lead to social stigma against those with genetic disorders. Since the introduction of mass genetic tests, there has been a le gal debate about whether or not to release information about an individual’s screening results. On one side of the debate are those who argue that the data from genetic screenings can be used to benefit public health through the development and improvement of treatments and public health policy (Hodge, 2004). However, a prominent opposing side to this debate has focused on the potential for social and even ethnic quarantine if the results of screenings are made public (Atkin, 2003). Though there is a consensus that genetic screening is beneficial in preventing and treating diseases and poor health, many worry that releasing their results can lead to social stigma for individuals of certain minorities simply because of their greater susceptibility to certain health problems (Natowicz and Alper, 1991). Ethnic discrimination has indeed proved to be a legitimate issue in regards to genetic screenings; for example, in the 1990s several states did not allow African American individ uals to wed until they proved that they did not have sickle-cell anemia. Opponents of publicly mandated genetic screenings fear discrimination against some ethnicities due to theirShow MoreRelatedThe Details Of Phenylketonuria And Huntington s Disease1562 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will introduce the details of phenylketonuria and Huntington’s disease. Using these facts, the difference in screening policy between the diseases will be morally justified. The arguments will relate to the desire for informed autonomy, the differing prognoses for the diseases, and the avoidance of moral conflict. 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This study is therefore, intended to consider the imperative and benefits of CSR on the Nigeria society. The perceived gap supposedly created is harnessed and investigated for possible resolution

Culture Influences Personality Influence On Personality

Culture influences personality greatly and places restrictions on personality. The culture a person resides in decides how an individual will behave, what beliefs they will have, and what traits are desirable. No individual wants to have undesirable traits. Individuals are expected to conform to the cultural behavioral norms and gender norms in order to avoid having undesirable traits. Since no two cultures are exactly the same an acceptable trait in one culture may not be an acceptable trait in another. For example people who live in individualist cultures value competition, personal achievement, and independence. On the other hand, people in collectivist cultures value respectfulness, social harmony, and group needs. What an individual values will influence their personality and how they view other personalities that differ from their own. One of the key differences in Freud and Jung’s theories was how they perceived the unconscious. Freud believed sex was a primary motivator. Freud believed the unconscious was where we stored our repressed thoughts, memories, and the drives of sex and aggression. He found that the human mind was made up of the ID, the ego, and the super ego. The ID seeks to satisfy pleasure and is not bound by morality. The ego is our conscious thoughts, perceptions, and memories and helps us deal with reality. The ego helps the ID conform to the socially behavior and gender norms. Jung believed the human mind was made up of the ego, the personalShow MoreRelatedInfluence of culture on personality1212 Words   |  5 Pagessummer, that personality is a very interesting yet complex topic in the field of psychology. What is most interesting about the topic is that there are numerous theories that attempt to explain how personality is developed or influenced over time. There are many factors that a re said to have an influence on personality, but the one that is most interesting is the idea that personality is shaped by culture. 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The Progression Of Sports And The Mechanics Of These Sports

Ibrahim Ceric Professor Linda Brender English 1180 17 March 2015 Progression Everything changes. It may change for the better or it may change for the worse, but it will change. This is in undeniable and indisputable fact of life. Over the last century we, as humans, have seen more change than ever before. Technology has flourished, morals have mutated and style has been reformed. The world as we knew it is no more. Many changes that have taken place, such as forms of communication, were profoundly crucial for our society today; while others were not. One of these subordinate changes was the progression of sports and the mechanics of these sports. They are now more calculated and more confined. During the 1974 FIFA World Cup, the Dutch decided to try something different; something very fitting of the time. They adopted a new style of play: Total Football. The idea was that players were free to move outside the bounds of their positions, leaving a gap for another player to fill. This effectively created a more fluid style of attacking play; one that would lea d the Oranje to their first World Cup final since 1938. Although they made the trip back to Amsterdam distraught and in dismay, they forever change the very landscape of tactical football. Before Total Football came what was known as â€Å"Catenaccio,† or The Chain. Catenaccio was representative of a highly organized and hugely defensive style of play. The new, anomalous form of attacking football, absolutely annihilatedShow MoreRelated William Blakes The Echoing Green Essay929 Words   |  4 Pageschildhood. For some time they forget their own worries and pains which they have realized with the passage of time. This shows that the children are a blessing and they have the ability to make ones life happy. The old people enjoy the children’s sports. The old folks are also laughing at the simplicity and innocence of the children. The children are ignorant about the hardships and the difficulties in the life ahead. The older generation has gone through the ups and downs of life and can actuallyRead MoreTaking a Look at Plyometric Training1801 Words   |  7 Pages This can also help the functional strengthening of the tendons, muscles and ligaments in regards to the requirements of everyday sports and activities. Improvements in the reaction time of the muscle action spectrum (eccentric deceleration, isometric stabilization, and concentric acceleration), is the main goal of plyometric training (Voight Brady, 1992). Mechanic principle of Plyometric training Plyometric training occurs in three phases, namely the eccentric, or loading, phase; the amortizationRead MoreStatement Of Purpose775 Words   |  4 PagesAirPROM, and Synergy-COPD). Teaching Experience I have extensive experience of teaching and supervising both undergraduate and postgraduate students. I designed and taught an undergraduate course entitled â€Å"Environment and Human† at the Korean National Sports University. Subsequently, I have been active in supervising four junior postgraduate students when I was working on my PhD program at the SUNY Buffalo. I gave them technical advice and helped them to reï ¬ ne the Master project plans to successfullyRead MorePhysical Therapists And Physical Therapy1219 Words   |  5 Pageswith possessing certain skills, makes this career in physical therapy a great choice. Physical therapist care for people of all ages with functional problems (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 2) that result from illnesses or injuries connected to sports, work, or everyday activities. Physical therapists typically review a patient s medical history and any notes or referrals from surgeons, doctors, or other health professionals. 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In high school Michael was described as a goofy kid. At the time, he was not blessed with the genetics that most NBA players had. No one in his family was over six foot tall. His mother was a bank teller, and his father a mechanic (LaFeber)Read MoreGet Comprehensive News And Update Regarding The War Of Syria3633 Words   |  15 Pagesthe suitable facility where you can locate every top latest information chann els. You are capable to entry based on top of the subjects of the interest in addition to issues regarding the War in Syria, national politics, enjoyment, in addition some sports too. Allow think a superior example, must you in certain added location in addition to wish to view corporation details or even extra information from the remote area of united states, a individual now record on to the company details website alongRead MoreAn Occupational Therapy Treatment Plan And Therapy3737 Words   |  15 Pagesmost usual accidents happen on motorcycles, in cars, on bicycles and pedestrians crossing the street (Early 2013). Of those injuries,  ½ are caused by drug and alcohol use, 20% are caused by physical abuse or firearm assaults and only 3% are due to sports injuries (NINDS 2014).For people 75 and older, most TBI’s are caused by falling and hitting their head(NINDS 2014). The signs and symptoms of a TBI depend on the area or extent of damage to the brain. The symptoms are classified into three differentRead MoreKenyan Golfers And The Mental Performance On The International Stage Essay7147 Words   |  29 Pagesof Kenyan golf towards the attitude and emphasis that is placed on the golf psychology. I definitely think so. In fact, of all the professional golfers that were interviewed in this research, none have ever been exposed to a golf psychologist, or a sports psychologist- with an exception to one professional golfer who trains in South Africa. As well as trying to find out why this is such an underlooked aspect of the game, yet such an integral part of the game globally, this research will also try andRead MoreTechnology Advances On The Modern World Essay1844 Words   |  8 Pagesdeveloping as electric cars, more powerful than the average consumer car and that have just as far of a range as one tank of gas are coming into large production plans. 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Independent Reviewer and Environmental Auditor †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Independent Reviewer and Environmental Auditor. Answer: Introduction The VDP (Victorian Desalination Project) is being constructed on the coast in South Gippsland byAquaSureconsortium.The VDP project includes a pipeline and desalination plant to transfer the waste to theMelbournewater distributionnetwork.VDP project Design and construction plan was developed with a commitment to minimizing any adverse impacts onculturalheritage, flora and fauna, local communities andlandscape.The VDP project use the two main Contractsuch as DTSJV(DegremontThiess Services) and TDJV (ThiessDegremontJoint Venture). These two contracts are used to maintain the Victorian Desalination Project. Main Scope of CDP project is used to gives the rainfall independent water supply to Melbourne. It is used to produce thehigh-qualitywater for the plant. When plantisrequiringthehigh-qualitywater, the desalination plant operations provides thehigh-qualitywater and key components of the plant.VDP project construct adesalinationplant as a part of the next stage of its water plan. The VDP must be constructed and designed in accordance with a collection of documented environmental performance requirements of the project deed. It must be met the Victorian environmental legal requirements. To maintain the VDP project by using the Environmentalmanagementframework and it used tocreatesthe VDP environmental management plans that used to support the delivery of compliance with environmental performance requirement(Langdon, 2018). Project Objectives VDP project Design and construction plan was developed with a commitment to minimizing any adverse impacts onculturalheritage, flora and fauna, local communities andlandscape. The designincludeda revolutionary green roof that is that largest of its kind inAustralia. It provides the acoustic protection, thermal control, reduce the maintenanceneeds andcorrosion resistance.The VDP project involves the following area for the processing of the project is located nearWonthaggi. These are discussed in below. Initially the VDP project needs the structures thatconstructedin the ocean to deliver the seawater to the plant.These activitiesaremanaged by the marine and tunnel structures withland-basedconstruction activities. TheVictoriandesalination projects is to draw saline water from the Bass Strait. This project has the potable standards to meet the state water supply targets by using the reverse osmosis technology(GUIDE TO STANDARDS AND TOLERANCES 2015, 2018). The VDPprojectusesthe TDJC contract to delivering thecommissioningphase of the project.This project alsoidentifiesthe fiverelevantregulationsthat are applicable to the VDP project. It alsocritiquesthe type of contract that was used for the VDP project. This project also identifies theenvironmentalrisks. RelevantRegulationsandRole of Regulations The Identified fiverelevantregulations for VDP project is discussed in below. It is based on environmental legislation register.It is used to identified and addresses the relevant regulations of all commonwealth and state legislation to the project. It includes theProjectDeed that is sued to set outs that project works and it requires the number of approvals, licenses and permits to provide the permission to the works. It must be constructed and commissioned(Victorian Desalination Project, 2018). The First regulation is based on Environmental protectionactivitythat iscommissioningthe approvals will be requiredspecificallyfor the commissioning of the project. To approval the EPA commissioning by using the Environmental Protection Act 1970 regulations.This regulationis used to approvals the EPA commissioning. It is used to permit the EPA to authorize discharge and storage of waste to enable the commissioning of the project.Second regulation is based onElectricity that is required for proposed works that isdisturbthe overhead power lines, soil and other materials.So, VDP project uses the Electricity Act 1994 regulations to written the relevant road authority approval that should be obtained prior to the carrying out the electricity works(PROJECT RELEVANT LEGISLATION, 2018).The thirdregulationisbased on land protection because that is used todeclaredthe plants and provides the environmental frameworks. So, VDP project use the Land Protection Act 2002 is used to provides the manag ement of network.The fourth regulationisbased onSoil Conservation. The main scope the Soil conservation Act 1986 is to consolidate and amend the law relating to the conservation of soil resources and that is used to facilitate the implementation of soil conservationmeasuresThemain scope of the Soil Conservation Act 1986 is to amend and consolidate the soil resources that are related to the conservation of soil resources that is used to facilitate and implement the measures of soil conservation. The fifth regulation is based onMineral Resources. VDP project uses the Mineral Resource Act 1989 is used to considered if operations are within thevicinityof mineral tenements(Aquasure.com.au, 2018). Critique the type of contract The VDP project use the two main Contractsuch as DTSJV(DegremontThiess Services) and TDJV (ThiessDegremontJoint Venture). These two contracts are used to maintain the Victorian Desalination Project.TheAquaSureused the Commissioning Environmental Sub-Plan because that is used to describes the Thiess Degremont Joint Ventures(TDJV) systems.The TDJV contract is mainly used for managing and minimizing the environment risks that are associates with activities of commissioning of the project. It prepared in accordance with system ofAquaSure'senvironmental management(VICTORIAN DESALINATION PROJECT LISTED SPECIES MONITORING REPORT, 2018).Key purposes of the CESP of TDJV are to, Implement the Thiess andDegremontenvironmental policies Itdeliverstheprescribedenvironmental outcomes for the relevant commissioning activities. Itmonitors, develop and implement the management measures Itestablishesthe management and mitigation measures to achieve the environmental requirements of the Victorian Desalination Project. Itestablishesthe environmental commissioning management requirements It Minimize the potential impacts of the project commissioning activities. It speciallymanagesthe potential impacts to the community and environment. The TDJV is thesub-contractorsand consultants in the VDP projects. It is used for all personnel must comply with the CESP requirements. It consists of allcommissioningactivities from the initial intake of seawater through to finalization. It addresses the design and construction area environmentalmanagementplan(| WT Partnership, 2018).It identifies the environment risks associated with commissioning and it also comply with the environmental requirements.Thiscontractorconsidersthe allcommissioningactivities that are transfer to the operations and maintenance. Itmaintainsthe followinginformation'ssuch asfunctional anddrawing descriptions, discipline inspection and test reports, factory acceptance test reports and manufacturer andsupplierOM manuals and reports. It also includes the following process such cleaning activities and construction verification activities(Aquasure.com.au, 2018).The TDJV follows the environmental targets and objectives are listed in below, It easilycomplieswith the environmental standardsestablishesfor theprojectthroughthe design and risk management. Itoptimizesthe energy efficiency through the project offset and design. Itprotectsthe beneficial uses of the marine and coastal environment. The TJDV will engage with the relevant regulatory agencies prior to and throughput the relevant approvals process to gain an understanding of their requirements. Itwillsubmit the new or revised permits, approvals andlicensesto theAquaSureEnvironmental Management Register. TheAquaSurehascontractedTDJV to construct, commission and design the projects as its DCcontractor(Department of Treasury and Finance Victoria, 2018). Itmeetsthe legislative requirements and it has an obligation to ensure the appropriate the environmental management is implemented. It has contractual responsibilities and obligations with a number of organizations to facilitate the project delivery. Risk Identification TheAquaSureand TDJV contractor are carry out the environmental risk. The environment risk is one of most addressed and identified risk in VDP project. It has been carried out for the DC Marine Area works. These are identified by Environmental Risk Register. Itsummarizesthe potential hazards form the activities of project and potential impacts of these hazards and the risk ofoccurrences(Theaustralian.com.au, 2018).TheTDJV involves the risksthatprojectposes to the environment specifically during the commissioning the activities with the VDP project. The TDJV approach is used to reduces the environmental risks that are associated with commissioning are addressed and identified.TheAquaSureand TDJV contractor are uses the commissioning work area packs to provide the overall environment impact assessment and mitigate the risk(Water and catchments, 2018).It alsoprovidesthe risk control measures and procedures to ensure a risk is controlled.The contractor also uses the work methodstatementsa ndproceduresto provides the step by step planning for activity risk assessment. Itidentifiesthe key environment risks for commissioning activities and ensure the appropriate mitigation and controls measures. The Identified risk are shown below. References | WT Partnership. (2018).Victorian Desalination Plant PPP, VIC (AU). [online] Available at:https://www.wtpartnership.com/sector/victorian-desalination-plant/[Accessed 30 Mar. 2018]. Aquasure.com.au. (2018).History. [online] Available at:https://www.aquasure.com.au/history[Accessed 30 Mar. 2018]. Aquasure.com.au. (2018).Operations Maintenance. [online] Available at:https://www.aquasure.com.au/operations-maintenance[Accessed 30 Mar. 2018]. Aquasure.com.au. (2018).The Desalination Plant. [online] Available at:https://www.aquasure.com.au/desalination-plant[Accessed 30 Mar. 2018]. Department of Treasury and Finance Victoria. (2018).Victorian Desalination Plant. [online] Available at:https://www.dtf.vic.gov.au/partnerships-victoria-ppp-projects/victorian-desalination-plant[Accessed 30 Mar. 2018]. GUIDE TO STANDARDS AND TOLERANCES 2015. (2018).Victorian Building Authority. [online] Available at:https://www.vba.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/29063/Guide-to-Standards-and-Tolerances-2015.pdf[Accessed 26 Mar. 2015]. Langdon, D. (2018). IREA REPORT.Victorian Desalination Project | Independent Reviewer Environmental Auditor. [online] Available at:https://www.water.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0026/54269/IREA-Quarterly-Report-Q3-2011-JulySeptember-.PDF[Accessed 25 Oct. 2011]. PROJECT RELEVANT LEGISLATION. (2018).Environmental Impact Statement Project. [online] Available at:https://www.arrowenergy.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/1987/Attachment2000420-20Project20Relevant20Legislation.pdf[Accessed 23 Sep. 2013]. Theaustralian.com.au. (2018).Subscribe to The Australian | Newspaper home delivery, website, iPad, iPhone Android apps. [online] Available at:https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/billions-in-desalination-costs-for-not-a-drop-of-water/news-story/1dc59f33b788c609e67c001786048fca[Accessed 30 Mar. 2018]. VICTORIAN DESALINATION PROJECT LISTED SPECIES MONITORING REPORT. (2018).Flora and Fauna Monitoring Report. [online] Available at:https://www.aquasure.com.au/uploads/files/2013%20VDP%20Annual%20Flora%20%20Fauna%20Report%20Final%20%2824_09_2014%29%20%28AQS00073134%29.pdf[Accessed 17 Jun. 2013]. Victorian Desalination Project. (2018). [online] Available at:https://www.aquasure.com.au/uploads/files/CESP%20Att%20I.5%20-%20Environmental%20Checklist.pdf[Accessed 21 Jul. 2015]. Water and catchments. (2018).Connecting the plant to the water grid. [online] Available at:https://www.water.vic.gov.au/water-grid-and-markets/victorian-desalination-project/desalination-project-overview/connecting-the-plant-to-the-water-grid[Accessed 30 Mar. 2018].

The entire Kings Men Essay Example For Students

The entire Kings Men Essay All the Kings Men, written by Robert Penn Warren, is set deep in thesouth during the 1930s. This is a story of the rise and fall of apolitical titan. Willie Stark comes from poverty to become the governor ofhis state. He forces his enemies into submission by blackmails, repeatedthreats, and bullies them. He creates a series of liberal reforms that layheavy tax burdens on the rich and lifts the money issue off of the poorfarmers. His foil character Sam MacMurfee persistently searches for way toruin the career of Willie Starks. Sam MacMurfee has thugs and powerfulpolitical allies deep in his pockets. The two characters remind the readerof corrupt figures in politics such as the famous Boss Tweed. We will write a custom essay on The entire Kings Men specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Willie Starks right-hand man is Jack Burden. He left his eloquentand polite family to work with Willie. Jack is an extremely intelligenthistorical researcher that uses his abilities to dig up dirt on Williesenemies. Willie uses the secrets to blackmail his enemies into hissubmission. Often corrupt political figures indirectly pay off otherindividuals to do the dirty work and blackmail their enemies. AlthoughWillie Starks may have been acting corruptly for a good purpose it wasstill illegal and wrong. Willie asks Jack to search for secrets on a father figure from hischild hood. Judge Irwin was a father figure in Jacks life as a child. Inthis situation, Jacks motivation and responsibility to himself isquestioned. Jack discovers that Judge Irwin accepted a bribe and GovernorStanton covers the bribe up. The blackmail influences the suicide of JudgeIrwin, makes Adam Stanton accept the position as head of the hospital thatWillie is building, and Anne Stanton begins an affair with Willlie. Adammurders Willie when he finds out about Willie and Anne. This horrificevent lead to Jacks retiring from politics forever. The death of Willie Starks and the circumstances force Jack torethink the way he thinks. He rethinks a belief that no one can ever beresponsible for the evil actions of another individual over time. In a wayJack feels responsible for Willies death. Jack eventually marries AnneStanton and he feels orthodox about his decision to marry her. Jackrestarts his long lost hobby of working on a book about Cass Mastern. Jackuses Cass Masterns papers as a source for his failed essay in Americanhistory. Are there any people that tend to bully and blackmail others aremaybe even you? Bribery, blackmail, and corruption in general are not seenso much in todays world, but are still occurring on a daily bases. In atime when Americas economy was low I suspect that the temptation was highto act corruptly. Willie Starks seeks out rebate for smaller people as heheavily taxed the rich and blackmailed his enemies. Honest politicians area rarity in todays world.

True democracy essays

True democracy essays Complete and true democracy is almost impossible to achieve, and has been the primary goal of many nations, beginning from ancient civilizations of Greece and Roman Empire, all the way to the government of the United States today. In any system, which claims to be democratic, a question of its legitimacy remains. A truly democratic political system has certain characteristics, which prove its legitimacy with their existence. One essential characteristic of a legitimate democracy is that it allows people to freely make choices without government intervention. Another necessary characteristic that legitimates government is that every vote must count equally: one vote for every person. For this equality to occur, all people must be subject to the same laws, have equal civil rights, and have to be allowed to freely express their ideas. Democracies fall into two basic categories, direct and representative. Modern society, with its size and complexity, offers few opportunities for direct democracy and today in America, the most common form of democracy, is representative democracy, in which citizens elect officials to make political decisions, formulate laws, and administer programs for the public good. In the name of the people, such officials can deliberate on complex public issues in a thoughtful and systematic manner that requires an investment of time and energy that is often impractical for the vast majority of private citizens. Public officials in today's representative democracy hold office in the name of the people and remain accountable to the people for their actions. Considering the achievement of complete democracy is most likely impossible, the political system of American government is democratic, but its democratic legitimacy is clearly limited. Although in theory the American system calls for one vote per person, the low rate of turnout results in the upper and middle classes ultimately choosing candidates for the ...

Wk4 DQ elementary Math Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wk4 DQ elementary Math - Coursework Example The mind of an average student does not have this ability. My use of manipulative is to enhance understanding of abstract ideas. In addition, mathematics is not an attractive subject to most students. I therefore, use manipulative to make the subject interesting among students. The importance of set theory as an elementary mathematics course has often been overlooked. Set theory is the basis of mathematics (Vaugh, 2001). The importance of set theory is more evident in higher mathematic courses than in courses taught at elementary schools. In elementary schools, all mathematics problems are carried on the set of natural numbers (1, 2, 3†¦). This aspect makes people to assume basics factors about set theory such as axioms (Vaugh, 2001). Set theory is the basis of higher mathematics such as Algebra, Geometry and complex Analysis. To introduce set theory in an elementary school I will use real life scenarios. In this case, I will take the classroom as a set. Students will represent objects in the set while different groups of student who have similar characteristics will represent subsets within the main set. I will also use set builder notation to teach the

Introduction to philosophy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introduction to philosophy - Assignment Example The two are modern philosophers and their ideas lay a foundation to much human thought and examine the modern thought as they have developed a unique philosophy that extends to both rationalism and empiricism worlds. Examining both Hume and Descartes contributions to philosophy shows their critical contribution to the foundation of Kant and thus the basis that united rationalism and empiricism. Descartes contributions He is a rationalists who believe that some knowledge is attained other than by or via human senses, for instance, he says, â€Å"I therefore think I am† is a crucial element of this concept. More significant, the knowledge is heavily determined by knowledge of God – that is God and the idea of God is outside the senses realm and thus exists only through thought. Through his meditation, he indicates that with minds and thoughts people can make decisions around them. Descartes believe on two metaphysical substances – the thought and the matter. Contra ry to traditional philosophy and their beliefs, Descartes holds that matter is without form and that certain ideas such as ideas of the God and mind are senses-centered and innate. The main limitation with Descartes contributions is that most of his work is highly grounded on God’s existence and thus it needs God to aid prove certain innate ideals concept outside the sensible universe. Descartes contributions gives a easy example to support because it does not require much support as one cannot truly deny God’s existence and people can argue that God exists because they believe in his existence and may twist this idea to consider it as innate thought. If a person has faith in God, he cannot reject this faith; therefore, Descartes supports his ideas through this faith. The philosophical concept of innate ideas can be used as evidence to support God’s existence because it does not require any other basis. David Hume’s contributions He is an empiricist who o pposes Descartes ideas of knowledge of God, as Hume does not believe in God. He started by arguing for the empiricism significance, the idea that peoples’ knowledge is anchored on their experiences and he employed this strategy to analyze various philosophical concepts. He argues that all of peoples’ complex ideas originate from simpler ideas that are formed based on the impressions received via their senses, thus, ideas does not essentially differ from experiences. Hume also stresses on matter of fact – he considers them matters that people must experience and not instinctually arrived at or reasoned. Because of the above claims, Hume opposes systems of metaphysic utilized to prove soul, divine creation, and God ideas existence. Therefore, because people have no experience of these ideas and cannot get straight impression of them, people do not have to believe in their truth. Hume systematically believes that facts and ideologies emanate from experiences and th at unless people have experience of concepts like universe size, time and space such a concept would be meaningless. He argues that both our ideas and impressions are not infinitely divisible and if we insist on simplifying them further we would eventually reach at an increasingly small level that is hard to conceptually understand and perceive, therefore, because people have no experience of infinite divisibility, then the idea if infinitely divisible an idea is meaningless. According to Hume, mathematics is a system of pure ideas relations and thus it maintains its value although people cannot directly perceive its phenomena because most of mathematical principles do not make sense, but it is a realm of knowledge because perfect certainty is attainable. Irrespective of Hume’

Marcus Aurelius Essay Example for Free

Marcus Aurelius Essay Long before the 20th century Marcus Aurelius wrote :-If you are distressed by anything external, the pain is not due to the thing itself but to your own estimate of it, and this you have the power to revoke at any moment.. Whether or not Albert Ellis was familiar with these words, and he was certainly familiar with the works of many ancient writers and he made the concept his own. According to Ellis, described as a passionate skeptic by one biographer, Daniel Weiner in 1988, and as one of the most provocative figures in modern psychology by the writer of his Washington Post obituary, Marcus Franklin, we all experience everyday what he described as Activating Events and these prompt us to look at and interpret or at least think about what is happening around us. His principles can be described as ABC. A. The activating experience B. The resulting belief C. The consequence. Ellis felt that the language often used to describe our experiences can be unduly negative and pessimistic. In the introduction to his 2002 book ‘Overcoming Resistance: A Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Integrated Approach’. He claims (page xi) that using words such as ‘ I am depressed’ gives the implication that depression is caused by circumstances we cannot control. He prefers the use of phrases such as ‘I depress myself’ or ‘I feel depressing’. In the same passage (page xii) he acknowledges that this narrow use of language makes it difficult to describe behavior and makes his writing difficult to follow. He came to the view that people were capable of controlling their feelings, as is obvious from several of his titles such as (1975)’ How to be happy though human’ ‘, ‘Sex without Guilt . ’(1958), A Guide to Personal Happiness (1982). Biography Albert Ellis was the eldest of three children born into a Pittsburgh, Jewish family. His father was a struggling business man, often away from home and his mother seems to have suffered from a bi-polar personality according to Ellis, which also resulted in her being rather a distant parent, often asleep when the children left for school and absent upon their return, leaving Albert to be responsible for his younger siblings. All three children worked to help family finances. He was a sickly child, having 8 periods in hospital in the two years from 5 to 7. His parents eventually divorced when Albert was aged 13. His difficult childhood made him, in his own words as quoted by C. G. Boeree in 2006 ‘a stubborn and pronounced problem-solver. ’ His early plan in junior high school was to become an accountant so that he could make enough money to retire while still young and then spend his time writing ‘the great American novel’. Most of his spare time was spent writing – plays, novels, poetry, essays. After some two dozen full length works had been rejected by publishers he realized that writing fiction was not for him. His biographers, Mike and Lidia Abrams tell how, after gaining a degree in business studies he later became a clinical psychologist having tried first in business and as a fiction writer. He found however that he was a very capable nonfiction writer. He began to produce work on Human Sexuality, slowing over time collecting material for a treatise ‘The Case for Sexual Liberty’ which was eventually published by the Seymour Press in 1965. This was a field of psychology relatively unexplored up until that point and upon which he soon became a noted expert and counselor. It was his success in this field that led him to look for a new career as a clinical psychologist. In 1942 he started to study for a doctorate of philosophy as a clinical psychologist. He chose Columbia University where psychologists were trained in the psychoanalytic method, a system he would later rebel against, choosing instead to encourage his clients to make active intervention. This was based upon his early experience when he cured his shyness by asking over 100 girls for cold dates in the Bronx Botanical Gardens and by making many appearances on public platforms as a peace campaigner. He didn’t get any dates, but, using this early example of cognitive behavior therapy, he claims he desensitized himself from his overwhelming fear of women. He completed his M. A. in 1943 and began a part time practice while still working towards his PhD degree. This was possible at the time because psychology was such a relatively new branch of medicine that there was then no system for the licensing of psychologists in New York State where he worked. Even before he obtained his doctorate Ellis began publishing psychological articles which were well received by his peers. One example of such an article was in 1946 when he wrote a critique of the many widely used personality tests, ‘A Critique of Personality Questionnaires’ that he felt were not sufficiently validated. His conclusion was that only one, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, truly met the standards of a research based instrument. Though out his life Ellis felt there was always more to be learnt about the human psyche. On the completion of his doctorate, Ellis sought further psychoanalytical training. As with most other psychologists of that era he was influenced by Freudian theories and is said to have believed that psychoanalysis was the best and deepest type of therapy available, something he would later refute. He was quoted by ‘Brainy Quotes’ as saying ‘ I thought foolishly that Freudian psychoanalysis was deeper and more intensive than other, more direct forms of therapy, so I was trained in it and practiced it. ’ Part of the reason for this change of mind was that Ellis found it didn’t matter how often he saw his patients –daily, bi-weekly, weekly or fortnightly – it all seemed to make little or no difference, they seemed to improve at the same rate. If, he thought, the frequency did not make any difference, what about the content. Gradually Ellis became less passive than was usual in Freudian style when listening to his patients and began to put forward his own ideas as to how they could make improvements in their lives. He was able to recommended principles that were derived from the works of ancient writers such as Epictetus who said ‘Control thy passions lest they take vengeance on thee. ’ and Marcus Aurelius who is quoted as having written ‘Be content to seem what you really are’ as well as Spinoza , quoted as having said ‘Do not weep; do not wax indignant. Understant and the more modern Bertrand Russell whose claim , as quoted on Brainy Quotes was that ‘Fear is the main source of superstition, and one of the main sources of cruelty. To conquer fear is the beginning of wisdom. Ellis realized that these ideas helped his patients, and by 1955 he had totally abandoned Freudian psychoanalysis instead he would concentrate upon changing his client’s irrational behavior patterns by making them face up to the irrationality of the beliefs that were the basis for such behavior and then persuading them to adopt more realistic ones.

Essay examples --

1. There are many different reasons that are out there that tend to make businesses and business people feel portrayed. Business owners tend to be a very unique group of people but they all exhibit the same kind of characteristics that allow them to be very successful in what they do. Business owners need to be able to identify their strengths and weaknesses in order to be successful with their jobs. Once they identify all of their weaknesses they need to make strategic plans that will help them turn them into strengths or limit the amount that the weakness brings them and their organization down. One of the most common overlooked traits of businesses and business people are their fascination with learning. These people always want to be able to know how things work and learn about new ways to do things. A lot of business owners feel also like they are never given enough credit where they feel like credit is due. They feel like the ability to be publicly recognized for doing a good j ob ends up going along way and a lot of them feel like they never have this happen to them. Business o...

Relationship and School Community Essay

Method While keeping in mind Mai’s method for determining subjects, I read the article â€Å"Care, Concern, and Communication† by Susan Pickford. I chose Mai’s conception because Wilson leaves out one major method of indexing that could be named user-oriented method (Mai, 2000). The basic idea of user-oriented method is that the indexer needs to have the user’s information needs and terminology in mind when determining the subject matter of the document as well as when selecting index terms for the document. It suggests that the indexer should have knowledge about the user’s needs to determine the subject matter. Mai argues 5 methods in indexing. First one is a simplistic conception similar to Wilson’s (1968) constantly referred to method. This method determines the subject by counting frequencies of occurrences of words in the document so it could be the most objective method. The problem is that there is not necessarily any correlation between occurrences of words in a document and its content. Second method is a document-oriented conception. The basic idea is that the indexer should establish the subject matter solely based on an analysis of the document itself; the goal is to represent the document as truthfully as possible and ensure the subject representation is valid for a long time. Third method is a content-oriented conception attempts to describe the content of the document as fully as possible. This conception shows historical and cultural circumstances that determine the subject matter of the documents. Fourth one is a user-oriented conception mentioned in above paragraph. Last one is a requirement-oriented conception. In this method, the indexers have knowledge about the users’ individual information needs and work tasks. It is only useful in smaller organizations and indexing done by this method, like a user-oriented conception, changes over time. Subject Description The article is about Jane Roland Martin’s argument for the SchoolHome, an idea of making the school home away from home. In this system, school children would be taught the three C’s: care, concern and communication and thus their education would be inclusive, merging intellectual with the heart. The result: the epidemic of violence would be reduced and the domestic vacuum in children’s lives filled for good. Derived Indexing Children of the ‘90s are a content-oriented concept that describes historical and cultural context in which the document is produced. Without using Children of the ‘90s in the subjects of the document one would lose context for the article, so it is important to include the article for understanding. It is possible to find documents like children’ education influenced by social conditions or changes of ‘90s. Domestic Vacuum in Children’s Lives is a user-oriented concept that is the foundation of the article and would be accessible from this common phrase or variations thereof (e. g. , â€Å"domestic vacuum†, â€Å"live* vacuum†, and â€Å"child* live*† using wildcards for the greatest number of matches for the concept). Schoolhome is essentially a simplistic and document-oriented concept that serves an identifier for the article in the most general way while it does not describe the content of the article. This term would be especially useful in finding such things as case studies or curriculum examples for Schoolhome. Rethinking Schools for Changing Families is an excellent term that touches slightly on all of Mai’s conceptions. While it is the book title of Jane Ronald Martin, in its various wildcard combinations is a simple general term, reflects the article’s content, and speaks to the more specialized non-expert and expert subject areas that are brought up with School, Changing, and Families. Transforming American Education is a document-oriented term that helps to focus the search to the overarching concepts that are touched on in Children of the ‘90s, Domestic Vacuum in Children’ Lives, Schoolhome, and Rethinking Schools for Changing Families. The document types that American Education points to vary from the basic to the expert, making it a very good lynch pin-term. Free Indexing Although the derived terms above do a good job in reflecting the ideas in the article, some additional terms may include: Social Context for Children Education, which brings in Education and children, but Social Context is a broader, less expert phrase than containing ‘90s and domestic vacuum terms. Philosophy of Children Education, which gives as sense of the article, but the word Philosophy may not be an obvious children education search term. School and Home in United States, which is akin to schoolhome. Schoolhome would also be a good derived term, but this is slightly more nominative than descriptive. Moreover, using United States as an example gives geographical criteria to indexing term. Family School Relationship expands on Children Education with relationship between Family and School. It also broadens the scope by detailing what the school reform would be about. School Reform is a good term that points the search in the direction of planning and results for Transforming American Education. These 5 free- indexed terms would all be in Mai’s user and requirement areas, since some of the terms might be meaningful to those experts enough to think of using jargon as search terms. Assigned Indexing (ERIC) Educational Change: I found that â€Å"education† was a better term over â€Å"school† for â€Å"reform†, but feel that my subject terms School Reform and Rethinking Schools for Changing Families are still appropriate in that they speak to individual schools (as in a study), although in the grand schema of the database it does not help to split hairs. In ERIC, education reform was educational change (as of 1996, although â€Å"reform† is still commonly used in society) and the contents regarded modification of things such as curriculum and teaching methods, which matches the article. Educational Philosophy: It is a good match, in that reflects the article’s context and themes. Social Environment: It means â€Å"social factors or conditions that influence individuals or groups†. It is a broader phrase than Social Context for Children Education. Family School Relationship: It has a placeholder for it but no information (i. e. , no related terms, but I take it to be a viable indexing entry). It is also used for school home relationship. School Community Relationship: It means â€Å"formal or informal interactions between an educational institution and the surrounding community†, which matches the article. I believe â€Å"brand names† like Domestic Vacuum in Children’s Live, Children of the ‘90s, Schoolhome, and Rethinking Schools for Changing Families do not have much use in the thesaurus, but the variations of Social Environment, Educational Philosophy, Family School Relationship, and School Community do an excellent job in representing the subject, derived and free terms above. Although I see where my subject analysis was too narrow in some places I am leaving the term â€Å"as-is† (except for â€Å"education reform† for â€Å"school reform†, which is not much of a trade seeing how it is actually â€Å"change†) to show the evolution of the indexing process in the assignment and in my mind. To revise my analysis would be like looking in the back of the textbook to do my homework. 6. 7. Compare, Contrast and Justification When I compared the derived and free indexing terms I selected with the descriptors in the ERIC thesaurus I was surprised by the number of them that were not in the ERIC thesaurus. In a few cases there was a close term, but for most there was nothing. This furthered my understanding of not only how challenging it is to select subjects for indexing, but how much harder it would be when faced with a controlled vocabulary. For the most part only the very narrow ‘generic’ subjects were listed in the thesaurus, the more descriptive terms were not. In two cases terms I selected actually has a better term in the thesaurus, such as my choice of School Reform compared to the ERIC thesaurus descriptor Educational Change. The thesaurus does a service to the search process by training the indexer to be as strategic as possible in boiling down the essential terms or concepts of an article. My derived and free terms were no less accurate than the assigned terms, because author Susan B. Pickford was writing with an audience in mind and used the â€Å"brand names† to illustrate her article. ERIC is invaluable in not only framing the terminology commonly used for subjects, but also gives the searcher context, such as what the current term used to be, along with a date of the change. This makes research interesting as an historical concept, and seeing how improvements have been made over the years, it helps to sharpen the indexer’s ear for the best possible match (e. g. , â€Å"education† in lieu of â€Å"school,† â€Å"change† instead of â€Å"reform†). As author Stephen Nachmanovich wrote, â€Å"Creativity exists more in the searching than in the finding. † However, in being creative as an indexer, you help the searcher in finding things where he wouldn’t normally have considered looking.

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